In this study, we tested the breeding system characters of Clematis fruticosa Turcz., which were selected in the natural population at Lanzhou Beishan. And also, by changing flower direction from facing down to up, we studied the visited insect attracting, pollen quantity and quality changing, seed setting ratio changing, and the seed characters of C. fruticosa. The results showed that:（1） in natural, the P/O of C. fruticosa was 9 579.5, which showed out an obligate crosspollination breeding system; bagging experiment results showed that the C. fruticosa was selfcompatible, and had a mixed breeding system which combined with selfing and crossing, but no apomixes was tested. （2) The main pollinators of C. fruticosa were Amegill aparhypate and Apis cerana; after flowers artificially erected. The visit frequencies and stay time/visit/flower did not differ significantly with the natural, but the pollen numbers after rainwash decreased significantly, and as well as the pollen vitality after exposed to solar radiation, which indicated that flower direction changing could decrease the male fitness. （3) After the flower direction changed, the seed setting ratio of C. fruticosa decreased greatly, and the persistent styles of the downwards flowers were significantly longer than that of upwards, but the seed sizes and seed weights did not differ significantly, which indicated that the flower direction changing could decrease the female fitness, and also could influence the seed dispersal of C. fruticosa. The results suggested that the flower drooping of C. fruticosa could not influence the effective pollinators, but could significantly increase the male and female fitness, which may act as an effective adaptive strategy for the reproductive success of C. fruticosa.