Selecting different habitats eight mosses as the experimental materials in Baiyun Obo rare earth mine, respectively Jaffueliobryum wrightii (Sull.) Ther., Didymodon constrictus (Broth.) Saito, Bryum argenteum Hedw, Didymodon tectorum (C.Muell.)Saito, Syntrichia sinensis (C.Müll.) Ochyra, Didymodon nigrescens(Mitt.) Saito, Pterygoneurum kozlovii Lazarenko and Tortula atrovirens (Smith) Lindb. With the same species from Helan Mountain and Sanggendalai as control, we compared the plant branching and stemleaf morphological and anatomical characteristics with the microscopics to explore the effect of rare earth elements on the growths of bryophytes. The results showed that: (1) the differences between two regions were significant in four index: plant height, stem width, leaf length and leaf width. But nonsignificant in leaf lengthwidth ratio and leaf cell lengthwidth ratio. (2) Three mine area mosses in leaf length and leaf width indicated same results: West mine>Main mine>East mine, the difference was significant between West mine and East mine; and the stem width irregular in three mine areas. (3) The main factor to the mosses growth was the rare earth element contents and influenced mainly through the leaf.