In this study, we investigated the effects of GA₃ and temperature on seed rooting and explored the effects of root length, chilling treatment duration and GA₃ concentration on seed germination of Paeonia rockii from different provenances by using 10 kinds of P. rockii seeds as materials. The results showed that: (1) the suitable temperature for seed rooting was 15-20 ℃, the adaptability for primary provenance seed rooting to a certain temperature (25 ℃) decreased with the increasing latitude; The optimum GA₃ concentration for primary provenance seed rooting was 400-450 mg/L, whereas it was 300-350 mg/L for the secondary provenance seeds. (2) Interaction of root length, GA₃ concentration and chilling treatment had a significant effect on the start sprouting time, germination energy and germination rate, while GA₃ and chilling treatment promoted germination more effectively on rooted seeds with more than 4 cm long roots. (3) The optimum treatment combination for seed germination ranged from provenances, chilling for 20 days combined with 300 mg/L GA₃, chilling for 20 days combined with 200 mg/L GA₃ and chilling for 40 days with 300 mg/L GA₃ were the best for Hubei，Henan and Gansu provinces respectively.