Pollen morphology of 25 wild Rosa species and 4 rose cultivars were studied to analyze the genetic relationships among Subgen. Hulthemia, Sect. Pimpinellifolia, Sect. Synstylae, Sect. Cinnamomeae, Sect. Chinensis and cultivars. (1) The pollen type was N₃P₄C₅ model, that the equatorial view was ellipse, while the polar view was 3labed rounded with 3 narrow operculums annularly distributed in equal space. The features of pollen grains were goniotreme, prolate and perprolate, most of which were perprolate with longer polar axis, especially Rosa beggeriana was the longest (P/E=2.29). (2) Exine sculpture were striate, perforatestriate and reticulateperforate. (3) Striate ornamentation was mainly in Sect. Pimpinellifolia and perforatestriate ornamentation was in most Rosa species. (4) Cluster analysis revealed that rose cultivars were closely genetic related with sect. Chinensis. Rosa berberifolia showed a long distant relative with other species. Meanwhile, Sect. Pimpinellifolia formed a branch with Sect. Synstylae. R. beggeriana showed significantly different in exine sculpture with other species of sect. Cinnamomeae.