We studied the root and stem anatomical characteristics of Malus toringoides, Malus transitoria, Malus baccata and Malus hupehensis in Western Sichuan Plateau, to analyze the relationships between the anatomical characteristics and drought resistance, and to reveal their drought adaptation strategies. The results were showed as follows: (1) the anatomical structures of root and stem were basically similar: The secondary structure of root was consisted of periderm and vascular. The stem structure was composed of periderm, cortex, vascular and pith. (2) Some special structures occurred in the four plants: The xylem ray in root system widened to 6-8 rows that the axial transport of water was benefited evidently. The sclerenchyma cells in phelloderm and perimedullary zone, the ‘pseudoparenchymatous cells’ around vessels were special architectural feature in increment of water conduction and mechanical support. (3) The drought adaptation strategies of four Malus plants were different: M. toringoides had welldeveloped conductive organization in root and stem; M. transitoria had strong phloem in root and advanced pith in stem; M. baccatas phloem in stem was stronger and diameter of vessels in root was wider; M. hupehensis had advanced phelloderm and phloem structures in root and broader piths in stem.