Chishui Alsophila National Nature Reserve regards Alsophila spinulosa as the protective object. According to the field investigation of A. spinulosa community in the reserve, methods including niche breadth, niche overlap, variance ratio, chisquare test and association coefficient（AC）based on 2×2 contingency table were used for analyzing the interaction between the species population. The results show that：（1）Phyllostachys heterocycla has the largest niche breadth, followed by A. spinulosa and Mallotus barbatus.（2）The niche overlap of Pinus massoniana and Vernicia fordii, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Musa basjoo and Melliodendron xylocarpum are larger than that of other populations.（3）The overall correlations of 14 dominant species in tree layers showed nonsignificant negative correlation. The chisquare test showed that the association between A. spinulosa and other populations was not significant. Only a few species pairs of the community had a significant association，90.10% of species pairs did not reach a significant level. Most of the AC, OI, JI values are not high, the correlations between species pairs are weak, and species are relatively strong independence. The negative association of the community was more than positive association, and the community is in the unstable stage of dynamic succession.（4）The analysis of the relationship between the association of species and the corresponding niche overlap showed that there was a positive correlation between them. The stronger the interspecific association, the greater the niche overlap. The stronger the negative association, the smaller the niche overlap.