This is the first report to Bryum moravicum Podp. in China. The study showed that: (1) The species is characterized by slightly rosulate plants, obovate to spathulate leaves with a hairpoint and weak bordered margins, rhomboidal to hexagonal upper cells, costa ending below apex, aboundant branched or unbranched, uniseriate, filiform axillary gemmae. (2) Based on analysis of nomenclature and systematic position of the newly reported species, B. moravicum is the only valid name for the taxon, and it belongs to Section Capillaria, Genus Bryum. (3) B. moravicum can sometimes be confused with B. capillare and B. elegans by rosulate plants, obovatelanceolate leaves with differentiated borders, rhomboidal to hexagonal upper leaf cells. However, filiform gemmae in the leaf axils are abundant, and costa end well below the leaf apex in B. moravicum versus absent gemma and costa are excurrent in long awn in B. capillare; leaves are flat when moist, irregularly contorted when dry, and having gemmae in B. moravicum versus leaves are concave when moist, evenly imbricate when dry, and absent gemmae in B. elegans. Axillary filiform gemmae have also been seen in some populations of B. pseudotriquetrum, B. cyclophyllum and B. pallens. B. moravicum is characterized by rhizoids being in clusters on proximal stem, leaves with narrow borders, plane margins, and costa ending below the apex, while B. pseudotriquetrum is characterized by rhizoids arising from the base to middle of the stem, leaves with wide borders, revolute margins, and costa being percurrent to shortexcurrent. Obovatelanceolate leaves with apical hair tips and differentiated borders of B. moravicum are distinct from ovateelliptic leaves with roundedobtuse apex and undifferentiated borders of B. cyclophyllum, are distinct from ovatelanceolate leaves with costa being percurrent to shortexcurrent as a stout awn of B. pallens. Although some leaves of B. cellulare are similar with those of B. moravicum, the former can be readily recognized by absent specialized asexual reproduction. (4) The world distribution map shows that the specie is widely distributed in the northern temperate zone, and it has two main distribution areas: EuropeNrothern AsiaCentral AsiaWestern Asia and North America. With the more investigation, the species possibly be found in other area of China including Sichuan and Xinjiang in the future.