Peltigera occidentalis (.E. Dahl) Kristinsson is reported new to China based on the specimen collected from Heilongjiang Province. The morphology, anatomy and chemistry analysis, and a phylogentic analysis of nrDNA ITS sequence were carried out. The new record species can be distinguished by the smooth and shiny upper surface, no tomenta, phyllidia and isidia; the marginal pale brown and central dark brown lower surface, flat and distinct veins, simple to fasciculate rhizines. Detailed description of P. occidentalis basing on the Chinese specimen and discussion with allied species, i.e. P. scabrosa, P. ploydactylon and P. canina and a key to them were provided.