In order to study the ecological adaptability of Corylus heterophylla×Corylus avellana in the arid regions of Xinjiang, we collected 38 varieties (lines) of C. heterophylla×C. avellana from the planting resources collection in Chabuchaer County, Xinjiang, and applied the paraffin wax method. The optical microscopy technique was used to determine the epidermal thickness, epidermis thickness, leaf thickness, main vein thickness, palisade tissue thickness, sponge tissue thickness, palisade tissue thickness/sponge tissue thickness (gatetosea ratio), palisade tissue tightness and sponge, looseness of tissue structure. These nine droughtrelated anatomical structural parameters were used with statistical analysis and comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance. The results showed that: (1) the differences in main vein thickness, upper and lower epidermis thickness, leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness and sponge tissue thickness of different varieties (lines) showed extremely significant levels, and there was a significant correlation and significant correlation between epidermal thickness, epidermis thickness, leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness and sponge tissue thickness. (2) Principal component analysis showed that the eigenvalues of the first, second and third principal components were 3.109, 2.614 and 1.884, respectively. The cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 84.52%, which basically summarized the main information of all indicators. (3) The cluster analysis method was used to divide 38 varieties (lines) into five categories. The comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance by the membership function method showed that 8448, 8121, 84310, F03, B11, and 85162 had strong drought resistance, 85127, 8588, B21, and 804 drought resistance is poor.