To explore the mechanism of variation in fruit coloring of peach (Amygdalus persica) in different tree canopy positions and its relationship with environmental factors, we studied the dynamic changes in temperature and light intensity in different canopy positions, i.e., upper, outer middle, inner middle and lower canopy during three fruit development stages like stone hardening stage, expanding stage and maturing stage of lateripening cultivar ‘Xiahui 8’ peach. The effects of environment on peel color, pigment content and the gene expression level related to fruit coloration were also studied. The results showed that： （1） the ripe fruits in upper and middle canopy (upper, outer middle and inner middle) of ‘Xiahui 8’ peach had significantly higher a^*/b^* (a^*, b^* are red and yellow saturation scale, respectively.) compared to the lower canopy fruit. （2） The ripe fruit in lower canopy had significantly lower Ant(anthocyanin) content and higher Chl(chlorophyll) in peel compared to the other fruits. （3） The expression levels of Ant biosynthetic related genes (UFGT, DFR, LDOX, CHS, F3H) revealed that all these five genes in peel were involved in Ant biosynthesis. （4） Before peel color changing, low light intensity could downregulate the expression level of the Ant biosynthetic related genes especially UFGT, DFR and CHS; While compared to the strong light environment, the expression levels of the related genes as mentioned above increased relatively under the weak light environment during fruit maturing stage. The results also suggested that the difference of light in different tree canopy positions might be one of the main environmental factors leading to fruit color difference.