The anther development process of natural diploid Miscanthus sinensis has been observed by carbol fuchsin staining and paraffin sectioning, after collecting young spikes of natural diploid M. sinensis at different stages. This experiment lay the theoretical foundation for reproductive biology and phylogeny of M. sinensis. The results as follows: (1) in natural diploid M. sinensis, there are 3 stamens and the anther is 4 sporangiates, which wall is composed of 4 layers: epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum. The development of anther wall belongs to the basic type. Middle layer and tapetum degenerated or just leavening the vestige, only epidermis and fibrous layer remained when maturity of the anther. However, there were some tapeyums degraded lingeringly at the time of anther matured. (2) The meiosis of pollen mother cells is of successive type and the mature pollen is 3celled type. The phenomenon that chromosome asynchronous division in pollen mother cell meiosis anaphaseⅡ was observed. (3) The development of pollen grains of the same anther was not synchronous at the process of male gametogenesis. Male and female gametophytes also did not develop synchronously and stamens matured earlier than pistils.