Elongation factor 1β (EF1β) is one of the essential regulatory factors of peptide chain prolongation in the process of protein biosynthesis. This study cloned the EF1β gene sequence from Angelica sinensis using homologous cloning and RACE amplification techniques. We analyzed the sequence characterization, protein structure characteristics and expression profiling of EF1β gene under UVB radiation stress, to reveal the molecular mechanism of adaptation to UVB radiation stress in the process of cultivation habitat change of A. sinensis. The results showed that: (1) the fulllength sequence of EF1β gene (950 bp), encodes 225 amino acids, which was named AsEF1β gene (GenBank accession number: MG736314). The molecular weight of AsEF1β is 24.5 kD, theoretical isoelectric point of 4.48. AsEF1β belongs to hydrophilic amino acid, with the typical domain and conservative domain of family of EF1B super protein, and has a guanine nucleotide exchange domain at its Cterminal. The amino acid sequence of AsEF1β gene showed the highest similarity with that of Daucus carota L. var. sativa Hoffm., which belongs to the same family of Umbrella. (2) the qRTPCR analysis results indicated that AsEF1β gene in root of A. sinensis was significantly higher than that in stem and leaf (P<0.05). Under UVB radiation stress, the relative expression level of stem and leaf were upregulated, which was 2.43 times and 3.76 times that of natural light condition (P<0.05), respectively. Studies showed that AsEF1β gene may be involved in the adaptation process of A. sinensis to UVB radiation stress, which will be laid for further exploration on its ecological regulations in the growth and development, formation of stress resistance and biosynthesis of pharmacodynamic substances of medicinal plants.