Moss peristome is located at the mouth of the capsule with complex structure, and it is derived from three layers of cell or cell wall of amphithecium. The function of peristome is mainly to dominate and protect spores dispersing, and also serves as an important basis for determining the phylogenetic status and classification of mosses. At present, the structural diversity, functional diversity and molecular biology of moss peristome are the weaknesses in China. This advances reviews the study of development, structure and function in moss peristome at home and abroad in recent years.