Based on transcriptome sequencing, we obtained the differential gene expression profiles of tea shoot leaves undamaged and damaged by Myllocerinus aurolinealus Voss, and the expression differences of related genes correlated with signal monitoring and transduction, transcription factors, and secondary metabolites biosynthesis were analyzed. The study was capable of providing a reference for further research on the defense mechanism of tea plants induced by weevil damage. The results showed that: (1) 309 upregulated and 297 downregulated genes were detected after tea weevil damaged, and were divided into 23 groups. (2) 17 unigenes were upregulated by 2.0-2.8 folds in signal monitoring and transduction process, including leucinerich repeat receptorlike kinase gene, mitogenactivated protein kinase gene, jasmonic acid signal pathway gene, calcium ion signal gene and salicylic acid metabolism pathway gene. 21 transcription factors were upregulated by 1.8-2.8 folds, including bHLH, WRKY, bZIP, MYB and UAF. Eight unigenes in the metabolism of phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and terpenoids were upregulated by 2.1-2.5 folds, including phenylpyruvate tautomerase gene, cinnamoylCoA reductase gene, dihydroflavonol reductase gene, anthocyanidin reductase gene, anthocyanidin reductase gene, farnesol dehydrogenase gene. The increased gene expression induced by weevil feeding is mainly caused by mechanical damage, and the insect oral secretions have synergistic effects on the upregulated of these genes.