Based on field investigations, the taxa, life forms, toxicity, poisonous parts and utilization value of the wild poisonous plant resources of Xishuangbanna were analyzed. The investigation showed that there were 79 families, 214 genera and 289 species of wild poisonous plants in Xishuangbanna, among which the dominant families were mainly Leguminosae, Euphorbiaceae, Araceae, Apocynaceae and Rutaceae, and the dominant genera were Euphorbia and Solanum. Herbaceous plants accounted for 36.68%. The toxic parts were mainly the whole plant or the whole grass, accounting for 37.37%. Most toxic plants are mild poisonous plants, 5 kinds of highly poisonous and 11 kinds of strong poisonous. Through interviews and investigations, poisonous plant species such as Phytolacca acinosa, Gelsemium elegans, Abrus precatorius, Datura stramonium, Datura metel, Vernicia fordii and Ricinus communis. It requires special attention to identify these poisonous species. In the future, the identification and prevention of common poisonous plants should be highlighted, and the development and utilization of poisonous plants should be strengthened.