This study explored the C, N, P stoichiometry characteristics in fine roots of Phyllostachys praecox with different mulching years, to understand the response of fine root nutrient dynamics to mulching management, and to provide a theoretical basis about reasonable development of coverage management to achieve efficient and sustainable economic benefits. Investigation was carried out in the P. praecox plantation with different mulching years，include longterm mulching (LM， continuous coverage for 4 years)， shortterm mulching (SM， continuous coverage for 2 years) and not cover (CK), located in Caoba Town, Yucheng District, Yaan City. The mulching materials are rice husk (insulation layer) and rice straw (warming layer). In midlate of July, October 2017 and January, April 2018, sshaped points were selected in each sample plot. Fine root samples were collected at 0-30 cm depth and the C,N,P stoichiometry characteristics of fine roots were determined. This results showed that: (1) the effects of different mulching years on fine root C content, N content, P content, C/N ratio, C/P ratio and N/P ratio of P. praecox were greater that of different seasons. Compared with seasons, mulching years were more important factors for C content, N content, P content and their stoichiometric ratios. (2) Shortterm mulching could increase the nutrient contents of fine roots, while longterm mulching could reduce the nutrient contents of fine roots, and mulching could affect the seasonal variation of C and N nutrient contents in fine roots, but not P. (3) C/N, C/P and N/P ratios of the three treatments had the same seasonal variation law. Shortterm mulching reduced the average annual and each season C/N ratios in fine roots, while longterm mulching increased the average annual and each season C/N ratios in fine roots. Mulching could reduce the average annual and each season C/P ratio in fine roots, but the longterm mulchings C/P ratio was higher than that with shortterm mulching. Mulching could reduce the average annual and each season N/P ratios in fine roots. There was no significant difference between longterm mulching and shortterm mulching in each season N/P ratios of fine roots (P > 0.05). (4) The correlation analysis showed that the increase of mulching years would lead to a more complex significant correlation between C, N, P and their stoichiometric ratios. This results indicate that longterm continuous mulching can reduce the C, N and P contents in fine roots of P. praecox, and cause the imbalance of nutrients of fine roots. The mulching management of P. praecox plantations needs to reduce the continuous mulching time, adopt shortterm mulching management measures, and give the time for fine roots to recover, so as to achieve the goal of sustainable management of P. praecox plantations.