Our works focused on the anatomical structure of roots generated from different parts of Dendrocalamus brandisii. New theoretical information was supplemented for the root anatomy of bamboos by exploring the anatomical structure of these roots. Resin slicing and freehand crosssections were cut from the root hair zone, and were stained by Toluidine blue O and Sudan red 7B. The results showed: (1) the ratio of cortical width to root diameter, the width and number of cell layers of sclerenchyma, and the thickness of endodermis cell walls increased with time. (2) Significant suberization occurred in the exodermis and endodermis of all the roots, but with significant difference in the suberization degree of periendodermis. (3) After measuring the number and diameter of the xylem vessels of all the roots, we noticed that the number and diameter of xylem vessels were higher in July as compared to those in other months. (4) The tips of roots generated at the base of branches were more blunt and flat, with smaller area of root caps, as compared with those generated in other parts. The tips of those roots generated in the culm underpart were so hard that their anatomical characteristics were unsuccessfully observed. The conclusion is that the roots of four originations had the same basic structure, but with significant differences in their specific structures. The structural differences may be closely related to their living environment and development status.