In this paper, we used morphology, anatomy, lichen chemistry and phylogeny methods to study the specimens collected from Xinjiang, China. Divarictic acid was detected from some collections by Color test (CT), thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Morphological characters, secondary metabolites, and phylogenetic tree of ITS of the specimens showed that some specimens should be identified as Oxnerella safavidiorum. Therefore, the genus Oxnerella with species O. safavidiorum are reported for the first time from China. Descriptions with photos of the thallus, apothecia, asci and ascospores are provided based on Chinese collections. In addition, the relationships of the species and its related species are discussed.