Age structure and dynamics of plant population are important for revealing its life history characteristics and development trend. However, there are few reports on the analysis of hermaphroditic populations of dioecious plants. Salix gordejevii, a common dioecious plant, is an important sandfixing pioneer plant in Hunshandake Sandy Land. In this paper, the present situation and future development trend of male and female population were studied by using age structure map, static life table, survival curve, survival analysis and time series analysis based on the field investigation of the natural S. gordejevii population. The results showed that: (1) the age structure and development trend between male and female S. gordejevii population were significantly different in the study area. Among them, the age structure of female population was stable type, and that of male population was declining type. (2) The number of females accounted for about 70%, and that of males only accounted for about 30%, which indicated sex ratio of S. gordejevii population was femalebiased seriously in Hunshandake Sandy Land. (3) Dynamic index showed that the dynamic characteristics of female population were “lack in early stage, and stability in middle and late stage”, and those of male population were “deficient in early stage, fluctuation in middle and late stage”. (4) The survival curves of male and female S. gordejevii population tended to DeeveyⅡ type. At the same time, the survival curves and survival function curves showed that female population entered the recession earlier than male population. (5) Time series analysis showed that the number of old individuals increased with time in the study area. Lack of young individuals was an important reason for the decline of male and female population. It is suggested that male and female young individuals should be supplemented by artificial cuttings, and the middleoldage individuals should be rejuvenated in order to ensure the future reproduction of the natural S. gordejevii population in this area.