The functional diversity of plant communities is very important for maintaining ecosystem functions. In this test, R software package (FD, vegan) and single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the relationship between functional diversity and environmental factors of alpine meadow communities in different slope directions, so as to reveal the adaptation strategies of plants to the environment, the functional characteristics of community species and the change mechanism of internal structure and function of ecosystem on microhabitat gradient. The results showed that: (1) the species richness, plant height, specific leaf area, leaf organic carbon, leaf nitrogen and leaf phosphorus in the north and northwest slopes were significantly higher than those in other slopes of the alpine meadow in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and the differences were significant (P < 0.05). (2) The difference of functional richness was obvious (P < 0.05), plant height, specific leaf area, leaf organic carbon, leaf nitrogen and leaf phosphorus showed a decreasing trend from north to south slopes. (3) The functional evenness of plant height, specific leaf area, leaf organic carbon, leaf nitrogen and leaf phosphorus in north slope were significantly higher than those in south slope, and the functional uniformity of multiple traits was significantly different between different slopes (P < 0.05). (4) The specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen function dispersion of north slope and plant height, leaf organic carbon and leaf phosphorus functional dispersion of northwest slope were higher than those of south slope, and the difference between slopes was significant (P < 0.05). (5) Plant community functional diversity was positively correlated with soil water content, soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen and soil total phosphorus (P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with declivity, soil pH, soil temperature and illumination (P < 0.05).