Plants have the characteristics of fixed life. The abiotic stresses common in habitats such as high temperature, low temperature, drought and salt which seriously affect the growth and development of plants. Protein phosphorylation is an important mechanism for plants to respond to abiotic stress, mainly through the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation modification of proteins to regulate the stress response of plant cells to external stress, quickly transmit stress signals in plant cells and activate the morphology of the stress environment. Physiological and molecular levels play an important role in the process of adaptation mechanism. This article mainly introduces the enrichment, detection and identification techniques of plant phosphorylated proteins, and reviews the phosphorylated modified proteome of plants in recent years in response to abiotic stresses such as high temperature, low temperature, drought, flooding, salt, nutrient deficiency and elemental toxicity. The progress of scientific research aims to provide a reference for understanding the protein phosphorylation modification of plants in response to abiotic stress.