In this study, five sweet cherry (Prunus avium) varieties, including ‘Brooks’, ‘Tieton’, ‘Hongmi’, were used as plant materials to detect the stigma receptivity of sweet cherry at different stages of flower development. Additionally, we simulated low temperature (2 ℃/10 ℃), normal temperature (6 ℃/18 ℃), high temperature (12 ℃/24 ℃) and ultrahigh temperature (12 ℃/24 ℃/30 ℃) using the artificial climate box to check the influence of temperature treatment on stigma receptivity in different sweet cherry varieties. The results show that: (1) ‘Tieton’, ‘Van’ and ‘Summit’ are suitable for pollination under simulated normal temperature (6 ℃/18 ℃), while ‘Hongmi’ is suitable for pollination under simulated high temperature (12 ℃/24 ℃). In comparison, ‘Brooks’ showed a broad range of suitable pollination temperatures, having high activity of stigma at normal temperature (6 ℃/18 ℃) and high temperature (12 ℃/24 ℃). (2) ‘Hongmi’ has strong resistance to simulated low temperature (2 ℃/10 ℃) and ultrahigh temperature (12 ℃/24 ℃/30 ℃); while ‘Brooks’ and ‘Summit’ have poor resistance to ultrahigh temperature (12 ℃/24 ℃/30 ℃). ‘Tieton’ has strong resistance to simulated low temperature (6 ℃/10 ℃), whereas it has poor resistance to simulated high temperature (12 ℃/24 ℃). ‘Van’ has no obvious resistance to simulated low temperature (6 ℃/10 ℃) and ultrahigh temperature (12 ℃/24 ℃/30 ℃). Low temperature (2℃/10℃) mainly affects the stigma receptivity of sweet cherry after flowering, while ultrahigh temperature (12 ℃/24 ℃/30 ℃) has a great influence on the stigma receptivity during the whole flowering process.