To explore the native and exotic species of adaptability to different environmental pollution in the city, in this study, we selected 10 tree species in the industrial area, road, mining area and park green space of Fuxin City as the research objects. We measured the dust retention per leaf area of tree species and the changes of physiological indexes of leaves before and after dust retention by the elution method, and discussed the dust detention effect of leaves in different trees and the influence of leaves on physiological activities of plants after the dust detention effect. The results indicate that: (1) different tree species have different dust retention per unit area. The dust retention of Populus bolleana was 1.45 g/m² which is higher than that of others and Ginkgo biloba was only 0.92 g/m2 which is lower than that of others in all 10 tree species. (2) SPAD value of leaves showed a significant downward trend, contents of osmotic regulatory substances (proline, soluble protein, soluble sugar) and membrane permeability (MDA, Rec) showed an upward trend, while activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and POD) showed a downward trend, but the rate of decline was not obvious. (3) There was a significant correlation between the amount of dust held by G. biloba and Acer mono. It was more suitable to detect the indicators of urban dust pollution from the physiological aspect. (4) According to the clustering analysis of dust retention and dust resistance of different tree species in four functional areas, the dust retention and dust resistance of P. bolleana, Syringa oblata, Gleditsia japonica and Ailanthus altissima were both strong.The dust retention and dust resistance of foreign tree species in Fuxin City were similar to that of native tree species. Therefore, under the longterm dust pollution stress, each tree species may alleviate the damage of dust pollution by increasing the contents of osmotic regulation substances and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The foreign tree species and native tree species both show strong adaptability and are not sensitive to environmental pollution. Therefore, it is a strong guarantee for the safe and healthy development of urban landscape in arid areas to introduce foreign tree species which can effectively hold dust and control sand and prevent wind without causing biological invasion.