Plant adaptation to drought environment is a complex biological process, involving cross regulation of multiple signal pathways, in which transcription factors play an important role in regulating resistance to drought. The main transcription factors involved in plant drought stress response are AP2/EREBP, MYB, NAC, bZIP and WRKY. Studies have shown that a single transcription factor can activate or inhibit the transcription of a large number of downstream target genes, and a single target gene is regulated by different transcription factors. The crosstalk between transcription factors is common in plant drought regulation network. This paper summarized the main signal pathways (ABA pathway, Ca²⁺ pathway and MAPKs pathway) involved in plant response to drought stress, and reviewed the structure and classifications of the above five transcription factors and their regulation of drought stress. Some deep research directions in this area were also put forward．