MYB transcription factors are widely involved in plant growth and development, and also play an important role in regulating lignin synthesis. In this study, in order to explore the role of MYB transcription factor in maize development, the differentially expressed MYB transcription factor genes were screened and analyzed based on the transcriptome sequencing data of maize stems，and the ZmMYB308 gene was cloned by RTPCR method. The results showed that: (1) a total of 14 differentially expressed MYB transcription factor genes were detected in different periods, among which 10 were downregulated and 4 were upregulated. (2) ZmMYB308 contains a 747 bp open reading frame, which encodes a 248 amino acids polypeptide with a protein molecular weight of about 27.01 kD and a theoretical isoelectric point of 9.17. Blast results showed that ZmMYB308 was closely related to SiMYB308 of foxtail millet with 94% similarity. (3) The results of real time quantitative PCR analysis showed that ZmMYB308 was significantly differentially expressed in different development periods and tissues. The expression of the ZmMYB308 first increased gradually and then decreased with the development of maize stem, and reached the peak at the silking stage. Meanwhile, ZmMYB308 was highly expressed in maize stems and roots which had lignin content. The results indicated that ZmMYB308 might play an important role in the regulation of stem growth and development. This work lays the foundation for further exploring the molecular regulatory mechanism of lignin synthesis in maize.