In this paper, a taxonomic study on the Lichen genus Protoparmeliopsis M. Choisy from Xinjiang were conducted. Four species of Protoparmeliopsis, P. laatokkaensis (Rsnen) Moberg & R. Sant, P. garovaglii (Krb.) Arup, Zhao Xin & Lumbsch, P. muralis (Schreb.) M. Choisy, P. peltata (Ramond) Arup, Zhao Xin & Lumbsch, collected in sampling area were identified by morphological, anatomical, chemical and molecular biological methods. Among them, Protoparmeliopsis laatokkaensis is new to China. P. laatokkaensis distinguished by having an areolate to weakly lobate thallus, semiimmersed apothecia and with visible black prothallus. The morphological, anatomical, chemical and ecological descriptions of species are given. Photos of Protoparmeliopsis species occurred in study area of Xinjiang and key are also presented.