The community of wild herbaceous plants in Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve was taken as the research object. According to different habitat types and environmental gradients, we selected 10 plots for investigation, to understand plant species composition, flora characteristics, and species diversity of the herbaceous community in this reserve and provide basic information for the ecosystems. The results showed that: (1) the herbaceous plant composition was relatively rich and the total 277 species belonged to 58 families and 183 genera, with Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Poaceae and Urticaceae being dominant families. The preponderant genera were Impatiens, Viola, Persicaria, Pilea. (2) In the distribution area type, the tropical distribution component of families is the most, this is consistent with the characteristics of the vegetation environment in the middle subtropical zone. The temperate geographical distribution proportion of genera is the largest (61.69%), but they contain less species, and are dominated by single species. On the contrary, there are more species in tropical distribution genera, and the analysis of the floristic nature of the genus level is more sensitive and reliable than that of the family level. From the perspective of the gradual change of the nature of family and genus, the tropical and temperate elements infiltrate each other and have obvious transitional characteristics. Therefore, the geographical distribution of the genus level reflects that the herbaceous ornamental flora in the Nature Reserve belongs to the nature of the transition from subtropical to warm temperate. (3) There are great differences in the composition of herbaceous plant community among different plots, The variation patterns of diversity and richness of wild herbaceous plant communities were not identical, but the overall trend is the same. Both diversity and richness were maximized in plot 7. The change trend of β diversity coefficient and Cody index of plant community was basically the same, and showed an upward pattern on the whole. The diversity index of herbaceous plants in plot 8 was low, which was greatly affected by human disturbance.