Epiphyte is an important structural component of the forest ecosystems and is of great significance for maintaining forest ecosystem species diversity and ecosystem function. This study investigated the composition of epiphytic vascular plants in five microhabitats (steep slope, lesssteep slope, high plateau, valley and ridge) of monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest in Taiyang River Provincial Nature Reserve of Puer City, Yunnan Province, and combined with topographic data and other environmental data to analyze the diversity of epiphytic vascular plants and their relationship with microhabitats. The results showed that: (1) a total of 97 species and 12 302 species of epiphytic vascular plants, belonging to 16 families and 45 genera, were recorded in the study area of the monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest. The speciesabundance curve showed that Belvisia henryi, Vittaria doniana and Humata platylepis had obvious dominance. (2) Epiphytic vascular plants had higher species diversity and individual abundance in ridge habitats, while epiphytic vascular plants had lower individual abundance in lesssteep slope and valley habitats. (3) There were significant differences in the richness of epiphytic vascular plants among different diameter classes and different height hosts (P < 0.05). The species were mainly distributed in the middle and lower parts of the tree trunk. (4) The main environmental variables affecting the species richness and individual abundance of epiphytic vascular plants were altitude, light intensity and temperature; Regression analysis showed that the species richness of epiphytic vascular plants had a linear positive correlation with altitude and a linear negative correlation with light intensity; The individual abundance of epiphytic vascular plant species showed a linear negative correlation with light intensity and a linear positive correlation with altitude and temperature.