During a survey of freshwater diatoms from Dongzhen reservoir in the Putian City, Fujian Province, China, a newly recorded diatom, Amphipleura vavilovii Glushchenko & Kulikovskiy was recorded. This taxa was previously recorded from a river flowing through the village of Namlik, Laos. However, in the original literature, the authors did not provide SEM images of external valve and the ultrastructure morphological description. Based on the application of light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), the morphological characteristics of the population of A. vavilovii Glushchenko & Kulikovskiy collected from Fujian were observed and described, and compared with the morphological characteristics of Amphipleura species and other similar species. The results show that: (1) A. vavilovii Glushchenko & Kulikovskiy valve was lanceolate, the middle was parallel or slightly contracted, narrowing towards both ends, and the ends were blunt. (2) The central nodule was obviously elongated longitudinally, and the two ends bifurcate to form two parallel ribs. (3) Striae uniseriate, 25-30 in 10 μm. The results of this study were consistent with the morphological and lineal characteristics of A. vavilovii Glushchenko & Kulikovskiy, so it was identified as A. vavilovii Glushchenko & Kulikovskiy, which was the first report from the freshwater in China.