In order to reveal the diversity characteristics and conservation status of medicinal seed plant resources in the Zayü River Basin of Tibet, the methods of route and typical plots, sample square sets, and field specimen collection were used to conduct in-depth investigation of medicinal seed plants in the area, and systematic analysis was carried out on plant life forms, medicinal parts, medicinal properties, medicinal tastes, medicinal effects, wild key medicinal plants, and flora components, so as to provide theoretical basis and reference value for the rational utilization and scientific management of medicinal seed plants in the study area. The results showed that: (1) There were 846 species (including varieties) of medicinal seed plants in 114 families, 427 genera in 114 families, including 14 species in 8 genera in 4 families of gymnosperms, 832 species in 419 genera in 110 families of angiosperms, and monofamily, oligophyllaceae, monophytes and oligophylls were the main components at the level of medicinal seed plants in the study area. (2) The life form is mainly herbaceous medicinal plants. (3) Whole herbs, roots and rhizomes were used in medicinal parts for medicinal purposes, accounting for 45.51% and 44.21% of the total number of species, respectively. (4) Warm medicinal plants accounted for 27.66% of the total number of species, ranking first among medicinal plant resources. (5) Bitter medicinal plants accounted for 61.94% of the total number of species, accounting for the highest proportion of medicinal plants. (6) Clearing heat was the main effect of medicinal seed plants in the Zayü River Basin, accounting for 29.43% of the total number of seeds. (7) The medicinal flora showed the nature of transition from tropical components to temperate components, and the distribution types were complex and diverse. The results show that in order to improve the utilization efficiency of medicinal seed plant resources in the Zayü River Basin, herbaceous medicinal seed plants can be used as the first choice for the development and utilization of raw materials for plateau characteristic industries.