Translation elongation factor EF1α (elongation factor 1 alpha) is one of the most abundant proteins in cells, which plays an important role in ensuring the correct decoding of mRNA to produce cellular proteins. In this study, the gene sequence of CsEF1α of coriander was cloned by RTPCR, and the structure, sequence characteristics, and phylogenetic evolution were analyzed by bioinformatics software. Meanwhile, the qRTPCR was used to detect the expression patterns of CsEF1α in coriander at different growth stages and different abiotic stress treatments. These provide the foundation for further research on the regulatory mechanism of the EF1α gene. The results showed that: (1) the CsEF1α gene sequence of coriander was cloned successfully. CsEF1α gene contained a 1 344 bp open reading frame encoding 447 amino acids. The molecular formula of CsEF1α was C₂₂₀₂H₃₅₄₄N₅₉₄O₆₄₄S₂₀, the protein molecular weight was 49.29 kD and the isoelectric point was 9.12. CsEF1α is a basic protein with the highest number of lysine (49, 11.0%) and the lowest number of tryptophan (3, 0.7%). (2) The protein of CsEF1α was mainly composed of random coils (36.91%) and αhelices (30.43%), and localized in the cytoplasm. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that CsEF1α in coriander was closely related to carrots, wild tomatoes, artemisinin, and Gerbera. Promoter prediction found that the promoter of CsEF1α contained four plant growth developmental elements, three hormone response elements, and three stress response elements. (3) The results of the qRTPCR showed that the expression profiles of the CsEF1α increased with the growth of coriander and were consistent with the transcript abundance. The expression pattern of CsEF1α differed under four different abiotic stresses. With the increase of stress treatment time, the CsEF1α gene showed a tendency to increase and then decrease under salt stress, while it showed a tendency to decrease and then increase under low temperature, high temperature, and drought stress. These results showed that the CsEF1α gene in coriander is involved in the response to abiotic stresses. In conclusion, CsEF1α in coriander might play an important regulatory role in growth and development and abiotic stresses.