Deciduous oak forest is a typical secondary forest and an important group of deciduous forest in west Guangxi. In this study, we used a typical sample method to investigate deciduous oak forest community in West Guangxi, and analyzed the species composition, floristic components, species diversity characteristics and the relationship between the deciduous oak forest community and topographic factors. This study can provide scientific basis for the conservation and restoration of plant diversity in the south subtropical region of West Guangxi. Results showed that: (1) there were 269 species of vascular plants in deciduous oak forest, belonging to 178 genera and 80 families. (2) The spermatophyte flora was mainly influenced by Pantropic and North Temperate and its variations, which reflected a certain degree of transitional nature. (3) Based on cluster analysis, the deciduous oak forests could be classified into 4 types: Quercus yunnanensis forest, Quercus variabilis forest, Quercus fabri forest and Quercus acutissima forest. The species diversity of Q. fabri forest was the highest among all deciduous oak forests, and the diversity index of the shrub layer was significantly higher than the tree layer and herb layer. (4) The DCA ordination results indicated that longitude, latitude and altitude were the important topographic factors affecting the species diversity in different levels of deciduous oak forest community. The species diversity of tree layer was significantly correlated with longitude and latitude, shrub layer species diversity was correlated with latitude and altitude, and herb layer species diversity was correlated with longitude, latitude and altitude.