This paper describes a new species of Aster L. of Compositae, A. artemisiaodorum X.X.Su, S. P. Chen & L. Ma sp.nov., found in Mangdang Mountain, mountainous area of Northern Fujian, China. The phylogenetic tree constructed based on two nuclear genes (ITS, ETS) and one chloroplast gene (trnLF) fragments showed that this species is independent and is a sister group with A. baccharoides, but its morphology is quite different from that of A. baccharoides (Benth.) Steetz. It has the characteristics of hairless on both sides of all leaves, racemose tube, 1-1.8 cm head inflorescence, 5-8 tongue flowers and aromatic smell on the whole plant. The results of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis support the establishment of this new species and should be reported. All the type specimens were preserved in the Herbarium of College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.