Based on the data of groundwater depth in the Daliyaboyi oasis at the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert, this study analyzed the variation of tree-ring width of Tamarix spp. and discussed the relationship between tree-ring width and groundwater depth. Results showed that the groundwater depth of the first sample site increased year by year with time, and the ranges were 1.2-2.6 m. Tree-ring width of Tamarix spp. increased significantly from 2001 to 2020 with a range of 0.98-5.80 mm at the first sample site, and the interannual differences of tree-ring width were significant. The ranges of groundwater depth of the second sample site were 2.7-4.5 m, which increased first and then decreased with time. The tree-ring width of Tamarix spp. at the second sample site changed as a sine function from 1977 to 2020, ranged from 1.46 mm to 4.41 mm, with no significant interannual difference. The amplitude of Tamarix spp. standard chronology ranged from 0.502 to 1.641 at the first sample site, which were larger than at the second sample site with the range of 0.577-1.331. The above results showed that a moderate increase in groundwater depth was beneficial to Tamarix spp. growth at the first sample site, supported by the increase of tree-ring width. There was no significant correlation between the tree-rings width and the groundwater depth of the second sample site. The results are helpful to understand the radial growth of Tamarix spp. under the condition of groundwater depth change.