To understand the relationship between the development of biological soil crusts and soil nutrient characteristics, this study selected moss crust (M-crust) and lichen crust (L-crust) at different stages of development, and analyzed the nutrients in the crust layer and the 3cm soil below the crust. The results show that: (1) the moss crust organisms were more bioenriched for TN, TP, Cu and Zn with enrichment coefficients up to 807.4%, 175%, 122.4% and 244.5%, respectively, while the lichen crust organisms were more bioenriched for TN, TP and Ca with enrichment coefficients up to 950.8%, 126.2% and 208.6%, respectively. And TP, Na, K, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mg and Zn except for Ca were significantly higher in moss crust organisms than in lichen crust organisms. (2) There was no significant linear correlation between the coverage of soil biological crusts and their soil nutrient contents in microhabitats, but the average TN, TP, Cu, Fe, K, Na and Ca contents in soils with different coverage of moss crusts were higher than those in lichen crusts. This study showed that different types of biological soil crusts have different nutrient uptake and enrichment efficiencies, and moss crusts in the late stage of development have stronger accumulation effects on nutrients than lichen crusts in the middle stage of development, which improve the nutrient storage capacity of soil and have potentially important impacts on the restoration and reconstruction of typical grassland ecosystems in Loess Plateau.