4-Coumaric acid coA ligase (4CL) is the core enzyme in the phenylpropane metabolic pathway of tea tree, the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and lignin, and plays an important role in the resistance to stress and the formation of tea quality. In this study, through bioinformatics analysis, 8 and 9 4CL gene family members were identified from the C.sinensis ‘Huangdan’ and C.sinensis ‘Tie-guanyin’, which were named HD-Cs4CL1-8 and TGY-Cs4CL1-9, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis classified them into two groups A and B. HD-Cs4CL3, HD-Cs4CL7, TGY-Cs4CL2 of subfamily Ⅰ and HD-Cs4CL2, TGY-Cs4CL5 of subfamily Ⅱ in group A may be involved in lignin and flavonoid synthesis, respectively. A large number of cis-acting elements related to plant development, hormone, and stress response were found in 4CL gene. Analysis of transcriptome data from different tissues showed that Cs4CL gene plays an important role in the specific development stage of tea tree. Real-time fluorescence quantitative detection showed that the expressions of HD-Cs4CL6 and HD-Cs4CL8 were significantly up-regulated under GA, MeJA, ABA, 4℃, and drought treatment. The expression of HD-Cs4CL7 was up-regulated under ABA drought treatment. The expressions of HD-Cs4CL2 and HD-Cs4CL3 were up-regulated under ABA treatment. This study provides a reference for further exploring the biological mechanism of tea 4CL gene family involved in responding to various environments.