The lithophytic moss crusts can absorb water and nutrients from the atmosphere and grow on the rock surface, and it has a variety of important ecological functions, such as promoting mineral differentiation and vegetation succession. The use of artificially cultivated moss crusts for ecological restoration of rock engineering wounds has a broad market prospect, and it has become the primary task to explore efficient provenance cultivation techniques for the dominant species in specific areas. For this reason, in this study, a well-growth and high biomass stone creeping moss in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, Brachythecium plumosum (Hedw.) B. S. G., was used as the research material, considering the concentration of Rhodopseudomonas palustris (24 ml.L-1^, 12 ml.L-1^{, no addition) and} Chlorella vulgaris concentration (250 ml.L-1^{, 125 ml.L}-1^{, no addition)} to carry out a two-factor complete experiment. The coverage, newly germinated number and newly germinated stem length of moss were observed under the condition of artificial climate box, and the effect, optimum concentration and combination of bacteria and algae were studied, so as to provide scientific basis for improving the efficiency of cultivation. The results show: (1) Only adding low concentration of bacteria is the best performance treatment of moss crusts growth. Compared with the control (no addition of bacteria or algae), it could increase the coverage by 14.3%, the number of new sprouts by 61.2%, and the length of new sprouts by 34.0%. (2) The concentration of bacteria had significant effects on the coverage, number of new sprouted moss and stem length of new sprouted moss. (3) The concentration of algae had no significant effect on the growth indexes of moss crusts, and the interaction with bacteria had a significant effect on the coverage. Rhodopseudomonas palustris can significantly promote the growth and development of Brachythecium plumosum (Hedw.) B. S. G., which should be considered and used for reference in the future provenance cultivation.