In order to investigate the function of the potato HXK family, this study used bioinformatics to identify the members of the potato HXK gene family and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR to analyze the expression of this gene under different simulated stresses of adversity. This study identified the potato HXK genes, named StHXK1-StHXK6, from the potato genome using the homology matching method. The family genes were distributed on six chromosomes of potato, and their encoded proteins ranged from 497 to 533 aa in length, with an isoelectric point of 5.36-6.11 and molecular masses ranging from 53 736.38 to 58 184.71 Da, all of which are hydrophilic proteins. Subcellular localization predictions indicate that members of the StHXK family are predominantly expressed in chloroplasts. The secondary structures of all members of this family are dominated by α-helices and irregular coiling, and the tertiary structures are highly similar. The promoter region of the StHXK family contains light-responsive elements, hormone-responsive elements, stress-responsive elements and growth and development-related elements. The qRT-PCR results showed that all StHXK genes were significantly up-regulated under ABA induction, and the relative expression of StHXK1 and StHXK2 was higher under 50 μmol/L ABA stress at 24 h of treatment, 286.4 and 152.02 times higher than that of the control, respectively. Under 200 mmol/L NaCl treatment, the relative expression of all StHXK genes was down-regulated except for StHXK1 and StHXK4 genes which were up-regulated at 2 h of treatment time. The relative expression of StHXK gene was differentially up-regulated under 10% PEG stress treatment. In summary, the StHXK gene responded to ABA, NaCl and PEG stress treatments to varying degrees.