Callose is a beta-1, 3-bonded glucan that forms a wall structure that occurs only in certain tissues. When it is degraded prematurely or delayed, it will lead to pollen abortion. It is important to clarify the dynamic law of callose deposition for exploring the mechanism of male sterility and using barbary wolfberry male sterility. In this study, using Lycium barbarum L. fertile line ‘Ningqi 1’ and sterile line ‘Ningqi 5’ as experimental materials, using half thin slice technology, and using aniline blue mark callose and high iodine acid-shiff reaction (Periodic Acid-Schiff stain, PAS), under the optical microscope comparison and sterile lines Lycium barbarum L. anthers different development lose dynamic characteristics, and analyzed the influence of callose on sterile anther abortion. The results showed that in the period of microspore mother cell, both the fertile lines and the sterile lines could form a red callose wall, and the fluorescent reaction indicates that the corpus callose wall gradually thickened after the further development of the anther, the corpus callose wall gradually disintegrated and disappeared, releasing four microspores, while the callose wall of the sterile anthers continuously thickened without degradation, up to flowering , the deformed and disintegrated four branches still cover the callose wall, and the microspores still exist in the quad state. Abnormal callose degradation is the structural cause of pollen abortion in Lycium barbarum L. This paper further analyzed the reasons for the absence of callose wall degradation of the sterile line tetrad, which provides a theoretical basis for analyzing the mechanism of male sterility of Lycium barbarum L.