The species and distribution of glandular trichome in leaves and stem epidermis of sunflower were observed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope, and the cytological characteristics of the origin, growth, maturation, secretion and senescence of different types of glandular hair were investigated. The composition and distribution of glandular trichome of Solanum nigrum L. were observed by histochemical staining and fluorescence microscopy, which provided reference for further development and utilization of Solanum nigrum L. The results showed that: (1) There were two types of glandular trichomes: unicellular glandular trichomes and multicellular glandular trichomes. The former mainly distributed on the stem surface and the upper and lower epidermis of the leaves, while the latter mainly distributed between the unicellular glandular trichomes on the stem surface, the veins and the edges of the leaves. (2) The development of glandular trichome of nightshade starts from the process of epidermal cell, single-celled head glandular hair grows at the top, with 1-4 stalks and four types; The multicellular head hair can be divided into one layer, two layer and three layer multicellular head trichome, and there are three special types. (3) The mature glandular trichomes of Solanum nigrum L. have secretory ability, and protrusion, mass and break are formed on the surface of glandular trichome cells through the accumulation of substances in the subcutaneous space, and secretions are finally released; The head cells and stalk cells then shrink and age. (4) Ultrastructure showed that the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus were extremely abundant in glandular trichome cells, and anabolic and secretory activities were active, resulting in a large number of vesicles containing osmophilic substances, which fused with the cell wall, and then transferred the osmophilic substances to the cell wall and accumulated, and then stored in the subcutaneous space under the stratum corneum until secretion and release; (5) Histochemical staining results showed that glandular trichome contained terpenoids, alkaloids, lipids, proteins, phenols and polysaccharides. The head cells mainly contain terpenoids, alkaloids, lipids, proteins, phenols and neutral polysaccharides. The stem cells mainly contain terpenoids, alkaloids and lipids.