In order to clarify the ion distribution, absorption and transport laws of P. euphratica, and to explore the physiological mechanism of P. euphratica"s adaptation to the saline environment, P. euphratica was used as the research object to determine the soluble salt ion content in the roots, trunks, old branches, young shoots and leaves, and study the uptake, transport and distribution characteristics of each ion, combined with the salt characteristics of understory soil. The relationship between P. euphratica ion distribution and soil salinity was discussed, and the results showed that:With the changes of leaf-unfolding phenology, P. euphratica meets the needs of growth and development as well as the adaptation to the environment through the difference of ion absorption, transportation and distribution rules. (1) The ability of selective absorption of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ by roots increased firstly and then decreased with the changes of leaf-unfolding phenology, and most of them were in the rapid leaf development stage as the highest, which was just the opposite to the change trends of total salt and Na+ and Cl- contents in soil. (2) With the changes of leaf-unfolding phenology, the transportation capacity of ions from root to trunk and juvenile branch to leaf presented the opposite trend of first decline and then rise, and most of them were in the rapid development period of leaf as the lowest. (3) Na+ and K+ contents in different organs changed little during the leaf developing process but increased significantly during the leaf mature period, in which the content of Na+ in root was the highest and that of K+ in leaf was the highest. The contents of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in leaves and roots generally increased with the changes of leaf-unfolding phenology. (4) The correlation between organ ions and soil ions of P. euphratica in the leaf-unfolding phenophase is as follows: In the germination stage, the ion content of each organ is less affected by soil salt, and the correlation between indicators is mostly insignificant; During the leaf-unfolding stage, Na+ in roots positively correlated with soil ions, while K+ in young branches and main stems negatively correlated with soil ions. During the rapid development of leaves, Mg2+ in young branches and Na+ in roots were positively correlated with soil ions. The ion content of each organ was less affected by soil ions during the leaf mature period.