In order to understand the leaf functional traits of desert plant and their ecological adaptability to different habitats conditions in Minqin region, Taking Calligonum mongolicum as the research object, this paper compared and analyzed the leaf functional traits and correlation of Calligonum mongolicum under two microtopography conditions: interdune lowland and mobile dune, and revealed the relationship between leaf functional traits and soil factors. The results showed that: (1) The coefficient variation of leaf functional traits was between 2.39% and 24.94%, the coefficient variation of specific leaf area (SLA) was the largest (24.94%), and the coefficient variation of stable carbon isotope (δ₁₃^C) was the smallest (2.39%). There were significant differences in total carbon (LCC) and total phosphorus (LPC) of Calligonum mongolicum leaves between different succession stages (P<0.05), while there were significant differences in specific leaf area (SLA) and total phosphorus (LPC) between different habitats (P<0.05). (2) The leaf water content (LWC) and leaf dry material content (LDMC) were extremely significant (P<0.01) and significant (P<0.05) negatively correlated under the two habitats conditions, respectively. Leaf water content (LWC) was the top three common index factor in the comprehensive ranking of leaf functional traits of Calligonum mongolicum under the two habitats conditions. (3) Soil total nitrogen content (STN), pH value and soil moisture content (SMC) were the main soil factors affecting the variation of leaf functional traits. The results provide a scientific basis for the restoration of desert vegetation and species protection, and provide a theoretical reference for exploring the resource utilization strategies and adaptation mechanisms of plants in the arid desert region.