To reveal the response strategy of carbon and nitrogen allocation in shrub and herb layers to warming in the alpine shrublands, in this study, we conducted a simulating warming experiment (+1.2 ℃) using the open-top chambers to analyze the influences of warming on carbon and nitrogen allocation among the above- and belowground organs of shrubs and herbs in an alpine shrubland dominated by Sibiraea angustata shrubs on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that: (1) warming significantly increased the carbon pool of shrub leaf, coarse roots and fine roots of S. angustata by 18.8%, 7.7% and 139.4%, respectively, as well as the nitrogen pool of shrub fine roots by 153.9%. Warming significantly increased the carbon pool of the above- and belowground parts of herbs by 60.4% and 130.5%, respectively, as well as the nitrogen pool of the above- and belowground parts of herbs by 46.1% and 124.0%, respectively. (2) Warming significantly decreased the carbon allocation proportions of shrub stem and coarse roots by 18.9% and 16.2%, respectively, and significantly decreased nitrogen allocation proportions of shrub leaf, stem and coarse roots by 25.2%, 23.3% and 14.4%, respectively. However, warming significantly increased carbon and nitrogen allocation proportions of shrub fine roots by 86.5% and 96.2%, respectively. While warming decreased the carbon and nitrogen allocation proportions of the aboveground parts of herbs by 19.5% and 18.9%, respectively, but significantly increased the carbon and nitrogen allocation proportions of the belowground parts of herbs by 15.6% and 24.8%, respectively. (3) Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis showed that the air temperature and soil microbial biomass were the main factors influencing the aboveground carbon and nitrogen allocation of shrubs, which could explain more than 72.0% of the variance. While the soil temperature, soil organic carbon and soil urease activity were the main factors influencing the belowground carbon and nitrogen allocation of shrubs, which could explain more than 92.0% of the variance. Whereas the soil organic carbon, soil invertase and urease activities were the main factors influencing the above- and belowground carbon and nitrogen allocation of herbs, which could explain more than 92.8% of the variance. (4) Soil nitrogen availability had no effect on carbon and nitrogen allocation of alpine shrubs and herbs. These findings indicated that as the climate warms in the future, the alpine shrub and herb plants in the S. angustata shrudlands will enhance the carbon and nitrogen allocation to belowground parts to better adapt to the rise in ambient temperature in these alpine shrublands on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.