【Objective】 SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein (SBP) plays an important role in plant development and abiotic stress. The aims of the study were to provide reference for the biological function and regulation of abiotic stress response of SBP gene family members of Lingbao rhododendron, and lay the foundation for the protection of the species. 【Methods】 In this study, the SBP gene family members in the whole genome of Rhododendron henanense subsp. lingbaoense was identified and analyzed by bioinformatics method. Tissue specificity was analyzed based on transcriptome data and qRT-PCR was used to detect the response of SBP gene expression in abiotic stress. 【Results】 The results showed that, (1) A total of 19 SBP genes containing SBP conserved domains was identified in the reference genome of Lingbao rhododendron, the length of amino acids encoded by the genes ranged from 179-1 072 aa with molecular weight ranging from 20.26-118.73 kD, the proteins were located in the nucleus, and the genes were unevenly distributed on 8 chromosomes. (2) 19 RhlSBPs were divided into 5 subfamilies by phylogenetic analysis and most RhlSBPs were clustered with Arabidopsis SPL family members. (3) MEME analysis showed that all RhlSBP shared motif 1, motif 2 and motif 4, and the number of introns in subfamilys Ⅳ and Ⅴ was much higher than that in subfamilys I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ. (4) The analysis of cis-acting elements showed that RhlSBP promoter contains a large number of light responsive elements, hormone responsive elements and stress responsive elements, suggesting that RhlSBP may play an important role in the response of Lingbao rhododendron to light regulation and abiotic stress. (5) Collinearity analysis indicated that the orthology of SBP genes in Rhododendron williamsianum and Rhododendron molle was higher than that of Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana. (6) Transcriptome data analysis showed that RhlSBP gene subfamily members had similar tissue expression patterns. (7) qRT-PCR analysis showed that RhlSBP gene had a response to abiotic stress, but different members of RhlSBP gene had different response degrees under different stresses. After methyl jasmonate（MeJA）and low temperature treatment, the gene expression was generally up-regulated, and high salt treatment inhibited RhlSBP gene expression. Under drought conditions, RhlSBP gene expression was up-regulated and then down-regulated. RhlSBP1 and RhlSBP8 may be the key genes induced by drought, low temperature and MeJA.