With four-year-old Lonicera japonica Thunb. as experimental material, we used potting and foliar spraying method to set different mass concentrations of copper fertilizer (10, 30, 50 mg/L Cu²⁺, represented as Cu₁₀, Cu₃₀, Cu₅₀) and borax fertilizer (20, 40, 60 mg/L B₄O^2-₇, represented as B₂₀, B₄₀, B₆₀) and their combination treatments. The photosynthetic parameters of L. japonica leaves and the contents of nutrients, pharmacodynamic components and mineral ions in stems and rattans were determined, and the effects of copper and borax fertilizer on photosynthetic physiology, nutrients, mineral ions and the quality of stems and rattans of L. japonica were investigated, providing theoretical reference for optimizing the cultivation technology of L. japonica and improving the quality of its medicinal materials. The result showed that: (1) Spraying a certain mass concentration of copper-borax fertilizer could improve the net photosynthetic rate of L. japonica leaves, in which B₄₀Cu₅₀ combined application was the especially optimal. The appropriate mass concentration of copper-borax fertilizer was beneficial to increase the total chlorophyll content, while the high mass concentration of copper and borax fertilizer had inhibitory effects. (2) The effects of combined application of copper-boron fertilizer on nutrients and medicinal ingredients were more significant than that of single application of copper or boron fertilizer. The contents of soluble protein, amylum and reducing sugar could be significantly increased by B₄₀Cu₅₀ treatment, and the contents of soluble sugar could be significantly increased by B₂₀Cu₁₀ treatment in L. japonica stems. The optimal concentration of combined application for the accumulation of chlorogenic acid and loganin in L. japonica stems were B₆₀Cu₅₀ and B₂₀Cu₃₀, respectively. (3) Application of copper and borax fertilizer also had a corresponding effect on the contents of mineral ions in L. japonica. The contents of mineral ions increased in L. japonica with single application and combined application of copper and borax fertilizer, especially B₂₀Cu₁₀, B₂₀Cu₃₀ and B₂₀Cu₅₀. In conclusion, the B₄₀Cu₅₀ treatment was optimal, which could effectively increase the contents of nutrition and active components and mineral ions in stems and rattans of L. japonica.