[Objective] A newly recorded orchid species from Yunnan province, SW China, Gastrodia exilis Hook.f. is spotted, and the main characters of its morphologically close relatives G. menghaiensis Z.H. Tsi & S.C. Chen, G. putaoensis X.H. Jin and G. dyeriana King & Pantl. are compared, discussed, and summarized. [Methods] Morphological and anatomical observations of wild population specimens of the above species were carried out using a stereomicroscope, and photographs were taken with a close-up lens attached digital camera. [Results] Results show that the species can be easily distinguished from those species by having a lip free of perianth tube, disk with two conspicuous triangular lamellae near apex, and lobes of perianth tube crisped. [Conclusion] G. exilis Hook.f. is a newly recorded orchid species in China, the discovery expands its distribution area and further enriches the resources of wild orchids in China.