[Objective]This study intends to clarify the material basis of flower fragrance by exploring the flowering characteristics, flower fragrance components and their release patterns of Rhus chinensis, so as to provide a basis for the further development and utilization of the floral fragrance of Rhus chinensis. [Methods]Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the pollen morphology, and Headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques were used to detect and analyze the main floral scent components in different flowering stages and the daily change pattern.. [Results]Dioecious plant of Rhus chinensis, panicle, single branch inflorescence concentrated flowering, whole plant in continuous bloom, pollen yellow, oblong-globose with 3 pore grooves, outer wall striped. A total of 92 floral substances (29 terpenes, 19 aldehydes, 15 esters, 14 alcohols, 5 ketones, 4 olefins, 2 aromatic hydrocarbons, and 1 each of phenols, alkanes, acids, and others) were detected in the different flowering periods. Its relative content increased and then decreased, reaching a maximum (3.60 μg/g) at the Full-flowering stage with significant differences among the flowers, and the species continued to increase. A total of 84 floral aroma substances were detected during the daily variation of its full flowering stage, and the releases showed a parabolic trend, which was significantly higher during the day than at night, and reached the maximum at 18:00 (4.80 μg/g), and then continued to decrease, and was the lowest at 6:00, with only 2.58 μg/g. Among them, terpenes were the main floral substances of Rhus chinensis, with a relative content of about 70% of the total floral components. [Conclusion]Rhus chinensis is rich in floral components, with a clear diurnal rhythm, and terpenes are its main floral substances.