【Objective】 The study aims to explore the changing law of morphology and physiological and biochemical indexes during the development of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix seed, and to provide theoretical basis for the introduction and domestication of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix and the cultivation of high-quality germplasm resources.【Methods】 The morphological and physiological and biochemical indexes of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix seed at different developmental stages were determined by regular observation sampling and frozen section method.【Results】 During the development of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix seed, seed size and wing thickness firstly increased and then decreased, wing width increased, and the colour of the outer seed coat changed from bright blue-green to yellow-brown; the contents of starch, soluble sugar and soluble protein of storage material increased; amylase activity fluctuated in a small range, succinate dehydrogenase activity increased, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity alternately increased and decreased, and pyruvate kinase activity showed "M"-shaped changes; POD activity decreased while SOD activity decreased; GA3, IAA and ZR contents decreased; ABA contents increased; seed morphology indicators and SOD activity were extremely close to each other. The activity of pyruvate kinase showed an "M" shape; the activity of POD decreased, while the activity of SOD firstly decreased and then increased; the contents of GA3, IAA and ZR decreased, while the content of ABA increased; the morphological indexes of the seeds were negatively correlated with the activity of SOD, and the content of the storage material was negatively correlated with the thickness of the seeds, but positively correlated with the width of the fruit wings.【Conclusion】During the development of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix seed embryo to pre-cardioid embryo, the outer seed coat changed from blue-green to yellow-brown, the content of storage material increased, the activity of key enzymes fluctuated and changed, the content of growth-promoting hormones fluctuated and decreased, and the content of stress hormones increased.