Abstract:In 'Jingbaili' pear(Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.),'Yali' pear and 'Xuehua' pear(Pyrus bretschneideri) the developments of male and female gametophytes were observed by paraffin sectioning and the pollen fertilities and the fruit-setting rates through natural

Abstract:The leaf epidermises of seventeen species belonging Seriphidium were observed with scanning electron microscope and the leaf surface of these species were founded to have great amounts of banded waxy substances on the outer surface of which there distribu

Abstract:The rhizome tissue structures of 17 species,one subspecies and one variety of Dioscorea were observed by microscopy.It was shown that(1) all the rhizomes were composed of periderm,inner and outer ground tissues and scattered vascular bundles;(2) Pressed o

Abstract:The primer sequence was designed according to the literatures and the cytoplasmic male sterility line 101A of onion was amplified by PCR;It was shown that cytoplasmic male sterility line 101A was found to belong to S type of cytoplasmic male sterility and

Abstract:One primer,H11,was screened from 200 ten-base RAPD random primers with two domesticated Secale cereale L.materials,two wild S.cereale L.materials and four Triticum aestivum L.materials.H11 had one lowly amplifiable copy in T.aestivum L.and a extremely hig

Abstract:运用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A-PAGE)技术,对96份人工合成六倍体小麦的醇溶蛋白多样性进行了分析。结果显示,96份人工合成小麦中,共分离出65条不同的醇溶蛋白谱带,其中ω区22条,β和γ区各17条,α区9条,但各醇溶蛋白在电泳图谱中出现的频率差异较大,其变化范围为1.04%~91.67%。醇溶蛋白遗传多样性指数(H′)及多态性信息含量(PIC)分析结果显示,β、ω两个谱带区醇溶蛋白组成最为丰富,而α区最低;聚类分析结果显示,材料间的平均遗传距离为0.86,在遗传距离为0.83水平上,96份材料被划分为4个主要类群,类群间的关系基本反映了合成双二倍体的亲缘关系。研究结果表明,人工合成六倍体小麦醇溶蛋白基因位点表现出广泛的遗传变异,具有丰富的遗传多样性。

Abstract:The analysis and evaluation of genetic diversity among crop inbred lines are the basis of heterosis breeding and cross breeding.Long-fruit hot pepper of table-stock is one type of the hot pepper varieties in hot pepper production of China.The genetic diff

Abstract:The important quality indexes of 116 landrace varieties of flax from Gansu were determined,including crude fat,stearic acid,palmitic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid contents and iodine values,and their cluster analysis were conducted.It w

Abstract:RFLP was adopted to study the genetic diversity of Frankia strains in symbiosis with Hippophae rhamnoides under natural conditions with 24 samples of root nodules of H.rhamnoides collected in eight locations located in the Eastern and Western parts of Inn

Abstract:以小麦‘陇春20’为实验材料,用两相法分离根质膜微囊,研究NaCl处理对质膜NADPH氧化酶活性的影响。结果显示:(1)温和胶中酶活性条带的出现依赖于NADPH和Ca2 ,DPI(NADPH氧化酶抑制剂)完全抑制酶活性条带的出现;与0.2%的浓度相比,0.5%和1%的去垢剂TritonX-100或Chapso增溶质膜微囊明显减弱酶活性条带,表明高浓度的去垢剂抑制小麦根质膜NADPH氧化酶活性;(2)与对照相比,NaCl处理明显增强NADPH氧化酶活性温和胶染色出现的酶带;进一步研究发现,未处理质膜微囊超氧阴离子(O2.-)的产生只有7.55 nmol.mg-1protein.min-1,而100 mmol/L NaCl处理的质膜微囊O2.-的产生为13.63 nmol.mg-1protein.min-1。结果表明:质膜蛋白温和胶活性染色出现的酶带可能是小麦根质膜NADPH氧化酶,NaCl处理增强小麦根质膜NADPH氧化酶的活性。

Abstract:用0.4 mmol/L的苯并噻二唑(BTH)溶液处理小麦幼苗第1叶和第2叶2 d后接种白粉菌,比色法测定第3叶接种前后过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的活性,结果表明BTH处理或接种均可使这4种酶活性升高。BTH诱导酶活性的系统增强与小麦对白粉病的诱导抗性密切相关。

Abstract:以‘宁粳2号’为材料,采用田间小区试验方法研究了单季粳稻施用镁肥后对镁吸收分配的影响。结果表明,从拔节到始穗期,水稻体内镁的阶段吸收量和吸收速度最高,分别为7.22 kg.hm-2和0.40 kg.hm-2.d-1;从拔节期到齐穗期,镁肥的施用促进了水稻对镁的吸收,其它生育期对外界镁浓度变化不敏感;镁肥的施用降低了镁在茎鞘和叶片中的分配比例,提高了镁在穗部的分配比例;齐穗后15~30 d为穗部积累镁的高峰期;在本实验范围内,随施肥水平的提高,稻米中的镁含量升高,RVA(Rapid of viscosity analysis)谱中最终黏度、回复值及消减值显著下降,最高黏度、热浆黏度和崩解值显著上升,糊化温度没有明显差异。施用镁肥提高了稻米食味品质,这其中以120 kg.hm-2用量效果最好。

Abstract:Shaan 253',a wheat variety with strong gluten,was planted at different nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium ratio of fertilization in eastern,middle and western parts of central Shaanxi and the effects of the ratios of fertilization on the quality traits of the

Abstract:以2个黄瓜品种‘长春密刺’(抗盐性较强)和‘津春2号’(抗盐性较弱)为材料,采用营养液栽培,研究了盐胁迫对幼苗根系脯氨酸(Pro)和多胺(PAs)代谢的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫能提高黄瓜幼苗根系吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶(P5CS)活性,抑制脯氨酸脱氢酶(ProDH)活性,从而显著增加Pro含量,且‘长春密刺’变化幅度显著大于‘津春2号’;盐胁迫下,‘长春密刺’根系精氨酸脱羧酶(ADC)、鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ODC)和S-腺苷蛋氨酸脱羧酶(SAMDC)活性升高幅度显著大于‘津春2号’,而多胺氧化酶(PAO)活性升高幅度显著低于‘津春2号’,引起其根系内亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm)含量显著增加;盐胁迫下,2品种根系腐胺(Put)含量呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,随着Put积累降低,Pro含量显著增加。可见,盐胁迫诱导根系较高的Pro、Spd和Spm积累有利于提高黄瓜幼苗对盐胁迫逆境的适应能力,盐胁迫下PAs代谢和Pro代谢密切相关,Put的积累一定程度上促进了Pro含量的增加。

Abstract:选取大果沙枣1年生幼苗,盆栽于相对含水量分别为70%~75%(CK)、50%~55%(T1)、35%~40%(T2)和15%~20%(T3)的土壤中培养25 d,研究大果沙枣在水分胁迫下的光合特性变化和生物产量积累及其分配规律。结果显示:水分胁迫抑制了大果沙枣的光合作用,与对照相比,T2和T3处理导致净光合速率、叶片蒸腾速率和水分利用效率显著降低,气孔阻力、胞间二氧化碳浓度和叶绿素含量升高,而且光合午休明显,非气孔因素是干旱时大果沙枣净光合速率下降的主要原因;水分胁迫下,大果沙枣的生长受到抑制,地上部分和地下部分的干生物量积累同时降低,但地下干生物量降低的程度低于地上部分;干旱处理中,T3处理显著抑制大果沙枣的生长,但仍保持一定的生物量增加。结果表明:大果沙枣具有一定的自我调节与保护能力,在水分胁迫下大果沙枣趋于将更多的资源分配给根系,以提高根冠比而适应干旱的环境。

Abstract:以‘帝王新土佐’南瓜为砧木,以‘新泰密刺’黄瓜品种为接穗,在100 mmol.L-1NaCl胁迫下,对黄瓜嫁接和自根植株生物量及各器官离子含量的差异进行了研究。结果表明,(1)NaCl胁迫下,嫁接和自根植株生物量积累均受到显著抑制,嫁接植株受抑制较轻。(2)NaCl胁迫后,黄瓜嫁接、自根植株各器官Na 、Cl-含量均显著高于对照;嫁接植株除根系Na 含量显著高于自根植株外,其余各器官均显著低于自根植株;嫁接植株老叶、叶柄和根系的Cl-含量显著低于自根植株。(3)嫁接植株的根是主要的聚Na 部位,茎是主要的聚Cl-部位。(4)嫁接植株幼叶和根的K 、Ca2 、Mg2 含量均显著高于自根植株,嫁接植株的K /Na 、Ca2 /Na 、Mg2 /Na 值也均显著高于自根植株。以上结果证明,黄瓜嫁接植株根系和茎中盐离子的含量较高且对K 、Ca2 、Mg2 的选择性吸收、运输能力较强,在器官水平上盐分离子分布的区域化优于自根植株,从而使嫁接植株耐盐性强于自根植株。

Abstract:以黄瓜和绿豆下胚轴插条为试验材料,研究了H2O2对不定根形成的诱导作用,以及在此过程中与IAA、NO的关系。结果表明,H2O2能促进不定根的形成,最佳浓度是100μmol/L;H2O2的清除剂———过氧化氢酶(CAT)抑制了IAA诱导的不定根形成,说明H2O2可能介导了IAA诱导不定根形成的过程;NO清除剂———PTIO能抑制H2O2诱导的不定根形成,表明NO在H2O2诱导不定根形成的过程中起介导作用。综合上述结果,推测在不定根形成的过程中可能存在以下关系:IAA首先诱导H2O2合成,H2O2升高后,再诱导NO产生,最终导致不定根生成。

Abstract:Four wheat varieties belong to two types were used in a field experiment in which the photosynthetic and physiological characters of cold and warm types of wheat were studied in different fertilizations,no fertilization(control),fertilization with only ph

Abstract:运用LI-6400便携式光合测定系统,研究了准噶尔盆地荒漠区2种典型短命植物———狭果鹤虱(Lappulasemiglabra)和四齿芥(Tetracme quadricornis)的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率特征。结果表明:狭果鹤虱和四齿芥的光合能力分别为44.92、34.57μmol.m-2.s-1;狭果鹤虱和四齿芥的净光合速率日均值分别为29.72、23.0μmol.m-2.s-1,蒸腾速率日均值分别17.23、12.84 mmol.m-2.s-1,狭果鹤虱均高于四齿芥,属于高光合、高蒸腾类型;二者的净光合速率和水分利用效率日变化均呈双峰曲线,而蒸腾速率日变化呈单峰曲线;二者的光合“午休”现象主要是由气孔因素引起的;通过对2种植物光合和蒸腾速率与环境因子的相关分析显示,辐射强度是影响2种植物光合速率最主要的环境因子。

Abstract:Xiaohu 24 yang' and 'Wutunyang',two poplar varieties,were used to study the effects of salt stress on the parameters related to photosynthetic pigments and gas exchanges of the leaves of Populus seedlings.It was shown that under short-term salt treatments

Abstract:利用2003年和2004年涡度相关系统通量观测资料,对青藏高原高寒灌丛非生长季节CO2通量特征及其主要影响因子进行了分析。(1)从净生态系统CO2交换(NEE)日变化特征看,除13:00~19:00时有较小的CO2净释放以外,其余时段NEE均很小;(2)高寒灌丛非生长季月份间NEE差异明显,4月和10月是CO2净释放量较大,1月和12月CO2净释放量较小;(3)相对温带草原(高杆草大草原)草地类型,低温抑制下的青藏高原高寒灌丛生态系统非生长季节日平均CO2释放率较低;(4)高寒灌丛非生长季NEE日变化模式与5 cm土壤温度变化呈显著正相关,土壤温度是影响非生长季节青藏高原高寒灌丛NEE变化的主导气候因子,同时NEE变化还受降水的影响。

Abstract:基于国际冻原计划(ITEX)模拟增温效应对植物影响的研究方法,将温棚按从小到大的顺序设为A、B、C、D、E 5个梯度水平,研究了矮嵩草(Kobresia humilis)植株的分蘖数、叶片数、高度、生物量以及重要值对温度升高的响应。结果表明:温度(地表温度和地温)随温棚的减小而升高,最高的A温棚内地表温度和地温分别比对照提高2.35℃和2.13℃;分蘖数在E温棚中增加最多,且分别与B、A温棚间差异分别达到显著水平和极显著水平,A~E温棚间分蘖数的变化与棚内温度呈负相关,且与地温呈显著相关;叶片数的变化趋势与分蘖数一致,A~E温棚间叶片数与温度呈极显著负相关;叶片高度随温度的增加而升高,A温棚极显著高于E温棚和对照,处理间叶片高度变化与温度呈极显著正相关;生物量、重要值与温度呈显著负相关。

Abstract:以自由放牧为对照,采用收获法和土芯法研究了围栏禁牧对蒙古国退化克氏针茅草原地上、地下部生长的影响,结果表明:(1)与自由放牧相比,围栏禁牧提高了退化草原地上生物量,以及地带性草原群落优势种克氏针茅的地上生物量比例和重要值,促进了退化克氏针茅的正向恢复演替;(2)围栏禁牧区与自由放牧区草地地下生物量都随土层深度增加而降低、符合指数函数或幂函数减小规律,围栏禁牧区0~10 cm土层的根系生物量占地下生物量比例高于自由放牧区,10~20 cm土层的低于自由放牧区,根系有向上层土壤聚集的趋势,有利于在干旱地区对有限降水的有效利用;(3)围栏1~3 a禁牧区地下部累计生产力显著高于同期自由放牧区。围栏禁牧是蒙古国退化克氏针茅草原改良的一种措施,但其提高地下生产力和生物量的效应也不是无限制的。

Abstract:The method of gradual area expansion and Hegyi's competition model for individual tree were adopted to quantitatively study intraspecific and interspecific competitions of the dominating plant Populus euphratica in the desert of Tarim.It was shown that in

Abstract:对黄土高原地区子午岭天然柴松(Pinus tabulaeformisf.shekannesis)林种群的结构和动态进行了研究。结果显示:柴松种群结构呈反J分布型,种群处于增长阶段;种群的密度随径级的增加而降低,种群密度与径级呈现出明显的负相关;4个函数(生存率函数、积累死亡率函数、死亡密度函数、危险率函数)估计值说明种群具有前期增长、后期稳定的特点,其存活曲线介于DeeveyⅡ型和DeeveyⅢ型之间;随时间推移,种群中树和大树数量逐渐增多,种群在20 a后开始大量进入成熟阶段。表明柴松在本研究区内生长更新良好,在无人为干扰条件下,柴松可通过自我调节能力而保持种群的稳定性。

Abstract:The seedlings of several dominant species,Quercus liaotungensis,Pinus tabulaeformis,Betula platyphylla and Populus davidiana,and diameterclass structure of their populations in Malan Forest Region in the Loess Plateau was investigated and this showed that

Abstract:将感染有指环虫的金鱼投放在加有一定浓度的植物提取物或化合物的水体中,控制一定的水体条件,显微镜下定期观察鱼鳃上的指环虫数量,统计杀虫率。结果表明:22种植物中蛇床提取物的杀灭指环虫效果最好,其最高杀灭率为100%;其次是两面针、木通、吴茱萸、牛心朴子,最高杀虫率均为80%;夹竹桃、徐长卿的最高杀虫率均为70%;草果、苦木、北乌头、滨蒿、蒺藜、白芷、山柰、榧的最高杀虫率在48 h内均在20%~50%;在测试浓度范围内,生姜、辣椒、仙茅、大风子、泽漆、相思子和雷丸没有明显杀虫活性。6种植物化合物作用48 h时川楝素的杀灭指环虫活性最高,最高杀灭率为100%;其次是鬼臼毒素、烟碱和槟榔碱,杀虫率在30%~50%;青蒿素和苦参碱在鱼中毒浓度下对指环虫仍然没有杀灭效果。根据以上结果,蛇床、两面针、木通、吴茱萸、牛心朴子、夹竹桃、徐长卿等植物和化合物川楝素对鱼类指环虫具有较好的杀灭作用。

Abstract:After examining a lot of types and specimens of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.ex DC.,G.alaschanica Grankina,G.gobica Grankina and G.soongorica Grankina,and observing their morphological variation within and between populations in field,the present authors t

Abstract:This is the third paper that deals with addenda on seed plants of Mt.Qinling.Matricaria matricarioides(Less.) Porter ex Britton of Asteraceae,Pseudostellaria himalaica(Franch.) Pax and Sagina saginoides(Linn.) Karsten of Caryophyllaceae,Trisetum spicatum(

Abstract:The anatomical structure of the ovules at different developmental stages of Pinus tabulaeforrnis in Beijing was observed by microscopy to determina the ovule development of P. tabulaeformis in Beijing. It is shown that the ovule development lasted for thi

Abstract:The observation of the fruit-setting characteristics of distyly Arnebia euchroma plants revealed that in three quadrats,the plants with long and middle-length styles had higher branch numbers,higher flower umbers per plant and high setting rates than the

Abstract:The contents of anther hormones,free amino acids and chlorophyll in CMS158,a cytoplasmic male sterility line,and its maintainer,were comparatively examined.It was shown that the KT and IAA content in the anthers of the male sterility line were significant

Abstract:Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) is a new technique developed in the twentieth century.Based on the basic principles of cytogenetics and molecular biology,it has been widely adopted in all the respects of plant research as a bridge to connect cyto

Abstract:Water physiology integration is an important part of the physiological integration of clonal plants and one of the important mechanisms in the growth,development and adaptation of clonal plants.The paper present an in-depth analysis about existence possib

Abstract:The paper summarizes research advances about the mechanisms of Cd~(2 ) uptake,transport,accumulation and tolerance in plants and Cd~(2 ) damages to plants,and envisages the prospect of key problems in the research field.