Abstract:In order to screen the new cytoplasm male sterile lines and promote the hybrid wheat for the practical utilization,their fertility characteristic and screening method of the sterile gene of non-1BL/1RS wheat male sterile lines of Nian type from different

Abstract:利用根癌农杆菌介导将反义蜡质基因(anti-Waxy)导入三系恢复系湘晴水稻获得转基因植株.从T1代外源基因呈单拷贝整合的转基因湘晴水稻中选取3个稻米直链淀粉含量降低较明显的单株继续种植得到纯合后代.以纯合转基因植株及湘晴水稻(对照)为恢复系分别与寒丰不育系杂交,获得4组杂交稻后代(F2).3个T3代纯合转基因湘晴水稻糙米(T4)直链淀粉含量分别为14.42%、13.96%和14.72%,对照为16.04%;3组由转基因湘晴水稻为父本杂交制种后代(F2)糙米直链淀粉含量分别为14.53%、13.77%和14.64%,对照杂交稻(F2)为16.22%.研究表明,导入湘晴水稻中的反义蜡质基因不仅能够降低湘晴稻米直链淀粉含量,还能够进一步抑制杂交后代的稻米直链淀粉合成.

Abstract:以马铃薯栽培品种甘农薯2号的试管薯薄片为转化受体材料,通过根癌农杆菌LBA4404介导拟南芥液泡膜Na /H 逆向转运蛋白基因(AtNHX1)进行转化,获得了抗卡那霉素的再生植株,并对转化植株进行了PCR-Southern检测.结果表明,薯片分化和根再生的卡那霉素选择压为50mg/L;乙酰丁香酮对薯片转化率无影响;优化的试管薯片转化方法是:不经预培养的薯片用OD600值为0.5的菌液侵染8～10min,然后经过2d共培养,在抗性芽分化培养基上生长40d,可获得30%卡那抗性绿苗.对抗性植株的PCR和PCR-Southern检测证明,外源At-NHX1基因已整合到马铃薯基因组中.

Abstract:GA 20-oxidase gene,which involved in gibberellins(GAs) biosynthesis,was transferred to poplar and the growth of roots,shoots and leaves,and the alteration of tissue structure of transgenic plants were studied.Overexpression of the GA 20-oxidase gene impro

Abstract:以受1对显性基因控制的单显性细胞核雄性不育油菜为材料,运用蛋白双向电泳技术对初花期不育花蕾和可育花蕾中蛋白质表达差异进行分析.结果表明,可育花蕾中表达的蛋白质总点数高于不育系.不育花蕾和可育花蕾中共有的蛋白点为223个,不育花蕾特有的蛋白质点数为103个,而可育花蕾中特有的蛋白质点数为160个.可育花蕾中表达的特有蛋白质分子量主要分布在60kD以下的小分子量区域,30kD尤为丰富;不育花蕾中表达的特有蛋白按分子量分布相对均匀.两者表达特有蛋白都相对集中在pI6.0～7.5区域,多为中性蛋白.

Abstract:Quantitative trait loci(QTL) analysis for thousand-kernel weight(TKW) was conducted using a set of 115 recombinant inbred lines(RILs) derived from a cross between the synthetic hexaploid wheat W7984 and the spring wheat cultivar Opata 85.Synthetic W7984 h

Abstract:Sequences of cpDNA intergenic regions(rpl20-rps12 and trnL-F)were used for genetic analysis of 19 populations of Clintonia udensis Trautv.et Mey.The results indicated that the lengths of trnL-F and rpl20-rps12 are 754 bp and 814 bp,and the content of G C

Abstract:以花生幼叶为外植体进行离体培养,研究BA浓度对花器官分化的影响并进一步观察试管内花器官的发育.结果表明:经MSB 1mg/LBA 0.5mg/LKIN 2mg/LIAA培养基诱导的愈伤组织,转接到附加1～3mg/LBA的MSB培养基上培养,均能直接诱导分化花器官,但2mg/LBA的诱导效率最高达21.13%;诱导分化的花器官转接到MSB培养基继续培养,部分花器官可以在试管内开花、受精、成针、结实.试验实现了以花生幼叶为外植体,在试管内完成诱导花芽、开花、受精、形成果针、子房膨大,直至形成荚果等过程,为离体条件下研究花生花器官分化、荚果及种子发育提供了技术体系和材料.

Abstract:采用石蜡切片法研究了虎榛子小孢子发育与雄配子体的形成过程,以探讨桦木科植物的属间胚胎学关系.结果显示:(1)虎榛子从小孢子母细胞到雄配子体形成约经历6个月,其间以小孢子母细胞的形式越冬,次年4月中旬花药成熟,花粉粒散粉.虎榛子花药2室;花药壁为基本型,最外层是表皮1层,其内部分别是药室内壁1层、中层2～3层和绒毡层1层.绒毡层在花粉发育过程中原位消失,为腺质绒毡层.(2)小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同时型,四分体呈四面体形.(3)花粉粒通常具有3个萌发孔,少数具有4个萌发孔,孔处外壁不加厚.成熟花粉粒多数为二细胞型,极少数三细胞型.(4)虎榛子较白桦的雄蕊数增多,四分体形式趋向统一化.结果表明,广义桦木科的概念更合理,虎榛子属和桦木属的进化路线不同,同时桦木科植物越冬休眠形式可以作为它们属间分类的一个新依据.

Abstract:以诸葛菜为材料,对高温处理诱导诸葛菜花粉染色体加倍进行了研究.结果表明:诸葛菜花蕾长度与小孢子母细胞减数分裂具有相关性;当花蕾长度在0.22～0.26cm时,以小孢子母细胞减数分裂终变期分裂相所占比例最大,此时在38～45℃高温下持续处理2～4h,可诱导花粉染色体加倍的未减数2n花粉,2n花粉平均诱导率最高为29.4%,个别处理甚至高达42.5%.研究进一步证明,高温等环境剧变可以诱导植物染色体倍性变异,在植物多倍化的进化中具有积极意义.

Abstract:The variation of stylar S-RNase of pear on the calmodulin localization of compatible and incompatible pollen tube was studied in vitro by immuno-gold electron microscopy.The results showed that gold particles of CaM were found to be localized near by the

Abstract:The ultrastructure of tissues including mesophyll cells,epidermal cells and cortical cells in stem,as well as phloem cells in rhizome,which accumulating gypenosides in vegetative organs of Gynostemma pentaphyllum,were observed by ultrathin-section and ele

Abstract:Take the well growth callus of Reynoutria japonica as the material,adopting the method of orthogonal test and using the orthogonal table of L16(44) to research the four factors influencing the protoplast separation,which contain the cellulase density,the

Abstract:对铅锌矿区续断菊[Sonchus asper(L.)Hill.]进行野外调查、采样,并采集矿区和非矿区生态型续断菊种子做盆栽试验,研究了2种生态型续断菊对Cd的累积特征.结果显示:各野生续断菊样品地上部Cd含量为169.6～387.5mg/kg,为常规植物的169.6～387.5倍,富集系数多大于1,转移因子均大于1;矿区土壤盆栽条件下,2种生态型续断菊地上部Cd含量分别为145.23和151.42mg/kg,分别为常规植物的145.23和151.42倍,富集系数和转移因子均大于1;非矿区土壤盆栽结合镉处理条件下,100和200mg/kgCd处理的2种生态型续断菊地上部Cd含量为122.7～271.2mg/kg,为常规植物的122.7～271.2倍,富集系数和转移因子均大于或近于1;2种生态续断菊在野生和盆栽条件下均能正常生长且具有较大的株高、冠幅和生物量积累.因此,2种生态型续断菊在不同环境下对Cd均具有很强的累积能力,续断菊可作为一种新的本土Cd超累积植物,将成为Cd污染土壤植物提取修复的新种质资源.

Abstract:以SO2耐受性植物杜鹃(Rhododendron sp.)为材料,在2个高浓度SO2熏气后,检测了叶组织中丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量以及抗氧化酶活性.结果表明:40和80mg?m-3SO2熏气4h(1d)后,杜鹃叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和MDA含量均分别比对照显著增加了11.26%、11.86%和73.32%、76.43%;随熏气时间的延长,SOD、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性持续增高,且SOD和CAT活性显著高于对照,MDA含量逐渐降至对照水平;SO2熏气导致叶片可溶性蛋白含量显著降低,但叶绿素含量却无显著改变.熏气后恢复期间,抗氧化酶活性相对降低,可溶性蛋白含量恢复至对照水平.研究发现,杜鹃对SO2的耐受性与细胞中抗氧化酶活性的诱导性增强有关,抗氧化能力增强是植物适应SO2胁迫的重要原因.

Abstract:以长春密刺黄瓜幼苗为材料,对经草酸处理或霜霉菌接种后黄瓜叶片的过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及H2O2含量的变化进行了研究.结果表明:草酸处理或霜霉菌接种均可诱导黄瓜幼苗叶片H2O2含量显著增加,且草酸预处理后接种的叶片比相应对照叶片能更快地积累H2O2;草酸处理后叶片SOD和POD活性均升高,而CAT活性却受到一定程度的抑制.研究发现,H2O2参与了幼苗对霜霉病的抗性诱导;叶片H2O2含量的增加与其SOD、POD活性升高、CAT活性下降有关;通过调节黄瓜叶片H2O2的含量来调控有关黄瓜霜霉病抗性的防御基因表达是草酸诱导抗性的机制之一.

Abstract:By means of laboratory bioassay,the effects of D.sophia and G.tricorne's water extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of 15 main wheat varieties as acceptors in guanzhong region,Shaanxi province,were determined.The results showed that D.sophia's

Abstract:The changes of growth phase,sucrose,glucose,fructose,starch and the activities of sugar metabolism-related enzymes in developing Lycium barbarum L.were determined to study the relationship between the sugar accumulation and its metabolizing enzymes in L.b

Abstract:通过盆栽试验进行水分(正常灌水和干旱后复水)和施氮处理(0、240、480kgN·hm-2),研究花铃期短期干旱再复水后氮素对棉花各器官干物质重、氮素累积与分配及产量与品质的影响.结果表明:花铃期土壤干旱显著降低了棉株各器官的干物质重与氮素累积量,而增大了棉株各器官的氮素含量,同时亦降低了棉株干物质与氮素在叶片中的分配指数,但提高了在根系的分配指数,从而增大了根冠比;增施氮肥可以提高干旱条件下棉株的干物质重与氮素累积量,但亦增大水分胁迫指数.复水对干旱处理棉株生长具有明显的补偿效应,尤其是根系的干物质重与氮素累积量显著高于相应正常灌水处理,且增施氮肥可以提高棉株的补偿效应.花铃期干旱结束时与复水后第10天,干旱处理棉株均以240kgN·hm-2水平下的生殖器官干物质重与分配指数最高,而根冠比最小,地上部与地下部生长最为协调,最终籽棉产量最高、纤维品质最优;而施氮不足(0kgN·hm-2)或过量(480kgN·hm-2)均不利于棉花产量的提高与纤维品质的改善.

Abstract:以肥熟土垫旱耕人为土为供试土壤,冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)小偃22为供试植物,在全生育期人工控制土壤水分条件下,采用分层隔水土柱法研究了与田间土层分布相同土柱不同土层水分、氮、磷组合对冬小麦不同器官氮、磷养分累积及分配的影响.结果表明:(1)冬小麦不同器官氮、磷累积量表现为籽粒茎秆、叶>穗余部>根系.(2)与整体湿润处理相比,上干下湿水分处理可降低小麦各器官氮、磷累积量,但仅籽粒氮、磷累积量所占比例减少,而营养器官氮累积量所占比例均增加.(3)从肥料处理看,单施氮、单施磷和氮磷配施处理的小麦植株各器官氮、磷累积量均比对照增加,但籽粒氮、磷累积量所占比例均减小.(4)施肥层根系氮、磷累积量比对照相对增加,并以0～30cm土层根系氮、磷累积量为最高.(5)单施氮条件下,以0～90cm土层施肥各器官氮、磷累积量最高,0～30cm土层施肥最低;单施磷和氮磷配施时,以0～90cm土层施肥处理籽粒氮、磷累积量最高,其次是0～30cm土层施肥.由于石灰性土壤中肥料氮终产物以硝态氮为主且容易移动,而磷肥不易在土壤中迁移,在生产实践中仍以氮磷配施入0～30cm土层为佳.

Abstract:以转酿酒酵母Hem1基因的转基因烟草和野生型植株为材料,用Li-6400光合测定仪和PAM-2100叶绿素荧光仪检测了2种烟草不同叶位叶片光合和荧光参数,并考察了它们的生长情况.结果表明:过量合成ALA的转基因烟草植株具有更强的光合能力,并伴随着气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)提高.暗适应下转基因植株不同叶位叶片的初始荧光(Fo)没有明显差异,而野生型植株下部叶片F0明显升高;转基因植株最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光(Fv)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)等参数均显著提高,特别是下部叶片表现得更为明显;在光照下,转基因植株PSⅡ有效光化学效率(Fv′/Fm′)和实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、荧光猝灭系数(qP)、电子传递速率(ETR)、光化学效率(Pc)以及进入PSⅡ反应中心的能量(Pc Ex)普遍高于野生型,而天线热耗散能量(Hd)以及非光化学荧光猝灭系数(NPQ)等明显低于野生型,且这些差异在基部叶片中表现得尤为突出.可见,过量合成ALA有利于延长烟草叶片光合寿命,提高光化学能量转换效应和光合产物积累,从而促进植株生长.

Abstract:By field experimental method,we applied 30(low Zn) and 75(medium Zn) and 120 kg/hm2 ZnSO4(high Zn) treatments so as to study the effects of zinc on contents of chlorophyll,net photosynthetic rate,activities of nitrate reductase(NR),antioxidative enzymes a

Abstract:Based on potted plant test,the effects of different cutting frequency treatments on overground biomass and root system of Ceratoides lanata(Pursh) Howell were studied.The results showed that(1) cutting had remarkable effect on biomass and nutrition percen

Abstract:The fruits of Calligonum ebi-nuricum distributing in various places are observed through ecological method in this paper.The result shows that:the morphology,acantha,reverse of rib,groove width of C.ebi-nuricum fruits has certain variation both in the ind

Abstract:应用方差检验和2×2列联表方法,对青藏高原黄河源区轻度退化、中度退化和重度退化的高寒草地植物群落物种的种间联结性进行了定量分析.结果表明:黄河源区高寒草地退化明显影响到其植物群落物种间的联结性和关联程度;随着草地退化程度的加剧,群落中主要优势物种的总体种间联结性由显著负相关过渡到无关联,具有相同生活型和水分生态类型的物种则由互生转为竞争的关系;以毒杂草为优势的重度退化高寒草地黑土滩"植物群落的物种间关系随机性较大,物种构成不稳定,它属于一种不稳定的次生植被.

Abstract:通过野外调查黄土丘陵区不同发育年限退耕地上藓结皮发育状况,结合室内测定,提出了藓类植物生物量测定的回归方程法.运用该方法测定了研究区9个不同发育年限藓类植物的生物量,并分析了其随发育年限的变化趋势.结果表明,研究区藓类植物个体微小,株高相同的藓类植物生物量变异很小,不同株高的藓类植物的株数与其生物量之间呈显著的线性相关关系(R2>0.96,n=7).因此,可以利用藓类植物株数与生物量之间的统计回归关系式估测生物结皮中藓类植物的生物量.用所建立的回归方程估测的研究区不同年限退耕地藓类植物生物量的绝对误差为1.3%～27.3%.研究区藓类植物生物量随结皮发育年限而变化,在退耕的前11年里,藓类植物生物量随发育年限的延长而增加,至11年时藓类植物生物量达到最大值(303.8g/m2),此后藓类植物生物量变化不大甚至还有下降趋势.

Abstract:The antifungal activity of the different extracts of Melilotus officinalis was tested against 12 plant pathogenic fungi in vitro and in vivo.The results showed that the antifungal activity of ethylacetate extract of M.offcinalis was higher than that of ot

Abstract:The constituents of the essential oils from the root,stem,leaf,flower and receptacle of Carpesium macrocephalum Franch.et Sav.were analyzed by GC-MS.99 components were identified in essential oils from five parts,in which 37,34,47,29 and 40 components wer

Abstract:采用甲醇浸泡提取,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,通过反复硅胶柱色谱分离的方法研究桫椤叶的化学成分,得到7个化合物,根据光谱数据和理化性质鉴定分别为牡荆素(vitexin)(1)、异荭草素(isorientin)(2)、芹菜素(apigenin)(3)、木犀草素(luteolin)(4)、diploterol(5)、胡萝卜苷(daucosterol)(6)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)(7).7个化合物均为首次在桫椤中分离获得.

Abstract:用硅胶柱层析、制备薄层层析和Sephadex LH-20柱层析等方法对罗汉果[Siraitia grosvenorii(Swingle)C.Jeffrey]75%乙醇提取物化学成分进行分析,共分离得到8个化合物,通过质谱法和核磁共振波谱法及理化性质鉴定为:罗汉果醇苯甲酸酯(1)、厚朴酚(2)、双[5-甲酰基糠基]醚(3)、5-羟甲基糠酸(4)、山柰酚-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(5)、山柰酚-3,7-O-α-L-二鼠李糖苷(6)、山柰酚(7)、琥珀酸(8).除化合物1、6和7外,其余均为首次从该植物中分离得到.

Abstract:从高等真菌拟白蘑(Tricholomopsis rutalis)干燥子实体的甲醇提取物中分离并鉴定了6个化合物,它们分别是软脂酸甲酯(1)、软脂酸(2)、麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(3)、5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(4)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(5)和5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-O-葡萄糖苷(6).以上化合物均为首次从拟白蘑中获得.

Abstract:An unidentified endophytic fungus lr88 was separated from the leaves of Maytenus hookeri Loes at Xishuangbanna,Yunnan.Three anthraquinone metabolites were isolated from the solid-state cultures of this fungus.Their structures were elucidated by spectrosco

Abstract:Several taxonomic questions of Xinjiang Oxytropis are clarified with a large amount of specimens,literatures and observation of field population is studied.The classification of the Oxytropis in Xinjiang is needed to revise.Eight species and one new forma

Abstract:Natural populations of Pteris vittata L.were recently found on the city wall of the jar-like forts within Zhonghua Gate,the largest gate of Nanjing city wall of the Ming Dynasty,Nanjing,the capital of Jiangsu Province,East China.In total,ca.101 individual

Abstract:报道云南樟科一新记录属——土楠属(长果土楠).增订了长果土楠的特征,并绘制了该种的分布图.

Abstract:Temperature is an important environment factor affecting plant distribution,yield and quality.The plant breeding of cold-resistance is one of the most significant tasks in the development of agriculture.In recent years,due to the great advances of genetic

Abstract:CO(constans) was an important gene involved in the photoperiod pathway controlling plant flowering time.Now,CO homologous genes in many species such as Arabidopsis thaliana,Oryza sativa,Brassica napus,Solanum tuberosum had been cloned and all the homologo